Essay about William Blake´s Pity based on Shakespeare´s...

William Blakes colour print painting filled with watercolors and ink is known as Pity, it is one of a large group of paintings known as Large Colour Prints. In Pity, a woman lying on the ground appears to be deceased, while two figures riding horses fly above her with a young baby in hand. This painting was completed in 1795, but the painting relates more to the characteristics of renaissance style drawing. Sense the woman figure lying down does not appear in Macbeth’s simile on Pity, the woman figure lying down creates difficulties for commentators who draw conclusions on Shakespeare’s text in their interpretations of Blakes painting. By exploring the influences of Blake’s own visual and verbal imagination of which he acquires from†¦show more content†¦The women figure lying on the ground looks as if she is dead. She lies there gazing up into nowhere with a solid glare. Instead of the angel figure giving life to the figure lying down; it seems as if the angel figure is taking the life of a baby from her, as she is now dead and the angels are taking care of the baby. The angel figure from the horse reaches her arms out to grasp the baby. All of the figures have the same hair color, blonde with slight curls. Along with the curls we notice that the front angel figures hair is being blown straight up; this will later be explained. There are four figures and two horses in this painting. Each of the horses are centered and facing horizontally with very few vertical lines. The majority of the painting is smooth flowing without jagged, sharp or straight lines. In Pity there is darkness surrounding the characters, forcing the figures to stand out with great measure in the light. The colors in the background do not convey meaning to the picture. The background is dark and solemn, resembling blank space. The figures in Pity seem to carry the meaning, as opposed to the background. Because there is darkness surrounding the figures, there does not seem to be a source of the light, yet light does outline each figure. It seems that Blake did this to focus on the figures and not the background. In this painting the horses are painted grey. Grey is more of a monotone color resembling peace. The figure riding on theShow MoreRelatedWho Goes with Fergus11452 Words   |  46 Pagesâ€Å"sea-rider† named Oisin, who trave led through â€Å"three enchanted islands†; but the speaker says that as he wrote about Oisin, he was secretly â€Å"starved for the bosom of his fairy bride.† He remembers writing a play called â€Å"The Countess Cathleen,† about a â€Å"pity-crazed† woman who gave her soul away; but the speaker says that the dream inspired by a woman who was forced to destroy her own soul â€Å"had all my thought and love.† He remembers writing of the hero Cuchulain’s battle with the sea while the Fool and

Analysis Of The Prelude And Lord Byron s Biting Epic

The Romantic poets sought to write epic poems that incorporated new philosophies, ideals, and literary trends, while also parodying, satirizing and deconstructing the epic poem itself. Rather than merely extend the epic tradition, the Romantic poets subverted the characteristics and tropes attributed to epic poetry, in turn creating an interesting revision of the epic. Two seminal works of Romantic poetry that adequately showcase the revision of epic tradition are William Wordsworth’s introspective epic The Prelude and Lord Byron’s biting epic satire Don Juan. Incorporating either introspection and reflection or irony and satire, both works incorporate themes from the epic tradition while also subverting its significant aspects. It is†¦show more content†¦Wordsworth is known for his introspection, often writing about feelings, emotions, mortality, and nature. Wordsworth’s The Prelude is a seminal work and a prime example of the romantic revision of epic tradition. The poem is about the growth of the poet’s mind. It is autobiographical and deals with different periods of Wordsworth’s life, such as his childhood, his time at Cambridge and his residence in France. The poem features Wordsworth reflecting on his experiences and feelings, and the poem acts as a look into how he views himself as a poet. In The Politics of the Epic: Wordsworth, Byron, and the Romantic Redefinition of Heroism, author Paul Cantor contends that despite the use of epic writing, the poem itself is vastly different from the epic. â€Å"It is written in an elevated blank verse that often has a Miltonic ring, it contains epic diction and epic similes, and it shows many other signs of Wordsworth s attempt to wo rk within the established epic tradition. But if one looks at the beginning of the poem, where the epic poet traditionally invokes his Muse, one can see how radically Wordsworth differs from his predecessor† (Cantor, 377). The poem seems to mimic the Miltonic epic in its style and diction. This does not mean, however, that Wordsworth intended to follow the conventions of the epic, as The Prelude breaks several of the conventions of classical epic poetry. For instance, the poem does not deal

The work of Langer Rodin Free Essays

To explore the effects of decision-making and responsibility on residents in a nursing home, Langer and Rodin gave residents a houseplant. Residents were to make all the decisions about when and how much to water and how much sun to give their plant. Resident in the experimental group were also given other choices such as where they would prefer to receive visitors, whether they wanted see the weekly movie and which evening they wanted to attend (a movie was played on Thursdays and replayed on Fridays), etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The work of Langer Rodin or any similar topic only for you Order Now A comparison (control) group were also given plants but told that the nurses would take care of them. Those in this group were not encouraged to make decisions for themselves but were told that staff was there to help them. Issues were as similar as possible with the experimental and comparison groups except for the distinctions about who was in control and responsible for decisions. The researchers used various behavioural and emotional measures to judge the effect of the encouragement, for example, participation in activities at the nursing home, how happy the residents felt and how alert and active the residents were. Clear and dramatic improvement was made in the group given more responsibility. Eighteen months after the study the researchers returned and again performed the outcome measures. The residents who had been given more responsibility were still significantly more active, vigorous and sociable than those in the comparison group. The experimental group also asked more questions during a lecture that Judith Rodin gave. During this return trip physical health was measured. Prior to the study the two groups had been in similar health based on their medical records. However, eighteen months later the health of the experimental group had improved while that of the comparison group had worsened. The most striking discovery was mortality rate. Only seven of the 47 residents in the experimental group had died whereas 13 of the 44 residents in the comparison group had died (15% versus 30%). These results have been confirmed by much research since the time of the original experiment. To improve this experiment they could have looked for other areas where choice can be given back to residents such as dining, bathing, and placement of personal items in their room. Record the outcomes. Watch to see if over time there are changes in activity participation, alertness and affect of residents. As this experiment proceeds it would be good for staff to discuss amongst themselves how to change their own perspective to maximize residents’ sense of independence, freedom and involvement. The relation between health and a sense of control may grow stronger in old age. This could occur through three types of processes: experiences particularly relevant to control may increase markedly in old age; the association between control and some aspect of health may be altered by age; and age may influence the association between control and health-related behaviours or the seeking of medical care. Studies show that there are detrimental effects on the health of older people when their control of their activities is restricted; in contrast, interventions that enhance options for control by nursing home patients promote health. With increasing age, however, variability in preferred amounts of control also increases, and sometimes greater control over activities, circumstances, or health has negative consequences including stress, worry, and self-blame. Mechanisms mediating the control-health relation include feelings of stress, symptom labelling, changes in the neuroendocrine an d immune systems, and behaviour relevant to health maintenance. * Work which very clearly supports Langer Rodin is that of Marmot et al (1997) and the study of civil service office workers: – Marmot et al (1997) Marmot and his co-workers devised an experiment to determine the association between adverse psychosocial characteristics at work and risk of coronary heart disease among male and female civil servants. There were self-report questionnaires provided for information on psychosocial factors of the work environment and coronary heart disease. Independent assessments of the work environment were obtained from personnel managers. Setting: London based office staff in 20 civil service departments. Subjects: 10308 civil servants aged 35-55 were examined-6895 men (67%) and 3413 women (33%). Results: Men and women with low job control, either self reported or independently assessed, have a higher risk of newly reported coronary heart disease during the follow up. Job control was assessed on two occasions three years apart, although intercorrelated, had cumulative effects in newly reported disease. Subjects with low job control on both occasions have an odds ratio for any coronary event of 95% compared with subjects with high job control at both occasions. This association could not be explained by employment grade, negative affectivity, or classic coronary risk factors. Job demands and social support at work were not related to the risk of coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Low control in the work environment is associated with an increased risk of future coronary heart disease among men and women employed in government offices. The cumulative effect of low job control assessed on two occasions indicates that giving employees more variety in tasks and a stronger say in decisions about work may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. * Whereas the work done by Brady (1958) in the ‘Executive Monkey’ experiment completely goes against Langer, Rodin and Marmot: – Brady tested groups of monkeys to determine which were the quickest learners; they would then be chosen to take the place of the ‘Executive Monkey’. The executive monkey is then sat in a harness with its feet touching the floor allowing almost complete mobility, the non-executive monkey is sat in the other harness so that it cannot touch the floor, both harnesses are connected to a bar that in turn is attached to a pivot. A bell would sound and the exec. Monkey would have 20 seconds to get to a switch, if he did not manage to get to the switch in time, both monkeys would be given an electric shock. Brady discovered that the best way to conduct this experiment was to put the monkeys 6 hours in then 6 hours off, this was found to be the best way to stress them. Around 23 days into the experiment the executive monkey would die from stomach ulcers, due to the stress. We could argue that the monkey had the control over whether they got shocked or not and yet it still got stressed and died, which would then completely dis-prove Langer Rodin. But you could also argue that the exec. monkey got stressed from having to get to the switch and its also possible to say that the executive monkey didn’t have complete control, i.e. they couldn’t turn the electric shocks off completely, and so got stressed from having to continuously press the switch. * Weiss (1972) repeated Brady et al’s experiment but with rats this time: – He found that giving feedback on successful shock avoidance (by sounding a tone) reduced ulceration in executives to below that of the non-executive rats. The feedback tells the animal it has avoided shocks and increases its ‘sense of control’ over the situation. The non-executive animal cannot respond and lacks any control at all over what’s going on, this leads to more ulceration. == By comparing Brady and Weiss’ experiments it’s very clear to see that the idea of a ‘sense of control’ separates the two. Not as many animals will die in Weiss’ as in Brady’s, the rats don’t feel as stressed as the monkeys because they feel more ‘in control’. These studies also show the importance of control and feedback on successful coping in reducing levels of stress. How to cite The work of Langer Rodin, Papers

That Place Called Sprinkles Cafe Essay Example For Students

That Place Called Sprinkles Cafe Essay I can still remember the time I was visiting my Tita Lila. I was 6, and I enjoyed every bit of going to my relatives’ houses. It was overlooking the beach. I can see the water stretching across the miles, and the sun dipping its rays into the deep blue sea. The vintage smell of wood and salty air is a great combination; together with the sound of the waves crashing and people laughing. It felt perfect, and it felt homey. That was the first time I felt a feeling of home. When I was grade 5, my home economics teacher explains to us what home means. Home is a feeling. You can’t touch it nor even explain it. It’s just the little things that make your heart warm, your smile a little bit wider and your spirit free. There are no bad aura, no negative emotion. She’d asked us what our home is. It made me think of it and wrote what I had in mind. Home is the sound of my grandfather saying â€Å"Hello. What do you want for snacks? ,† or simply just â€Å"Hi, gha. † when I arrived from school. He became my father figure since my papa died in a car accident. Home is also the warm feeling of my grandmother hugging me and asking, â€Å"How was your day? or saying positive quotes like â€Å"Everything will be okay. † when things go wrong. It is the sound of my mom’s voice at 10 in the evening, a long distance call from Canada, saying â€Å"I Love you. Take Care. † It is the fragrant smell of Nang Linda’s famous adobo, a specialty of our housekeeper. It is having my two cousins, Jaecy, a chubby thirteen year-old that thinks like a twenty year-old and Neil, a sporty dark eleven year old who thinks like a seven year old. They are two different personalities that made our house a jolly one. They are the source of our enjoyment and our smiles. Home is the light and happy emotion when we’re all in the dining table, laughing, talking about the experiences we all had for the day. Then I said to myself that â€Å"Home is where your heart is, and home is in my family. † I was wrong. As time goes by, the feeling of home is slowly fading. There is no grandfather greeting me the same way because, as an elementary coach, he is always with his basketball team. If not, he is in front of our television cheering â€Å"Go, Lakers! † My grandmother is busy with planting her orchids, orange vandas, and lavender denrovrium are her favorites, and landscaping her garden in our backyard. She doesn’t even check when I got home. My mother is occupied with work that she forgot to call. I understand her situation, but sometimes I get used to it and that hearing her voice became something to make my day complete. There is no smell of adobo or any of my favorite meals since Nang Linda’s getting old and quit her job. My cousins’ fights every night with the little things like â€Å"It’s my time to use the remote control! † â€Å"But it’s still my time! † said the other, that will end in a big disaster. Our dinner is turning into a silent one. You can hear the cricket’s sound and even the buzz of a bug. No one is sharing funny stories about their day. My grandparents are always fighting about the same things in front of me. Screaming â€Å"Who left the door open? † shouting â€Å"Where is the remote? † arguing â€Å"Why is our rice not well cooked? † â€Å"How come I’m the one to blame? † it’s too much. The once light and happy sound became a heavy and angry noise. I don’t know how it ended that way. I have a house, but I have no home. I was searching for a place where I can feel happy again, where I can feel whole. .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff , .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .postImageUrl , .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff , .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:hover , .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:visited , .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:active { border:0!important; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:active , .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2692fb03286b67f3dbd4cb7302fc92ff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bingo Long Traveling EssayPlaces where I can feel my heart dance or my eyes twinkle; a feeling that I never felt in my so-called home. I was down and feeling low, and I decided that I could take a walk. My emotions turned up a bit. I felt a little relaxed and then boom! Here comes the rain. I didn’t have my umbrella that time. I ran into the nearest store at the corner of a religious private school and entered. It is between two ancestral houses with Capiz shells and wooden doors. The door chimed, and I was welcomed to the bitter aroma of brewed coffee and sound of the exhaust of a coffee machine. There was a different kind of aroma though; an aroma so familiar that my nostalgic feelings surround me. It was the antique smell of paper. I know back then what it was. It wasn’t a store; it was Sprinkles Cafà ©, and it has books in it, a lot of them. I never thought that there is that kind of place in our city. I was so shocked and relieved. I stroll around the cafà © and admire its interior. Its flesh and turquoise painting made it feel energetic yet also tranquil. There are so many bright-colored windows with stained glasses that it made the cafà © bright and relaxing. The old and the new combined made it a modern yet sophisticated looking cafà ©. They have the best staff. My favorite one was Ate Curly because she has curly hair. She knows my favorite Caramel Latte with whipped cream and chocolate sauce. Diabetics, I know. They are playing old love songs that calm every inch of my nerves. I kneeled, tiptoed, and jumped my way around to find the perfect book, touching its spine and feeling its texture. I grabbed a book that has a funny title and read it while I ordered my favorite caramel latte. How could anyone resist the smell of coffee and books plus it was raining outside? I was contented and at peace. I felt happiness that I never felt in ages. My heart was lightweight. There were no more needles punctured inside it or shouting that pierced my ears. There was silence. Silence that I never thought I could hear; silence that made my body and soul at peace. The once ice cold emotion melted. I felt my veins bloom like the flowers on a spring day. I felt every little thing goes back in its place after a disturbance. For the first time in a long time, I felt safe, I felt home.

For this assignment I should l... free essay sample

For this assignment I should like to provide a fictional case study, portraying the counselling of a client who is dealing with issues related to fear and sadness, I will then consider how the clients problems could be caused by the sociocultural climate within which they are surrounded. The case study will be focusing upon issues such as culture, gender, race and sexuality, looking at the usefulness of recognising the importance of sociocultural issues when considering an individuals distress, with culture, sexuality and race being the main focus of the study. I will be using a person-centred approach as my counselling technique, as this is considered to be a more open-minded approach, relating sociocultural issues to the client.Approaches to counselling are constantly evolving as therapists continue to try and help their clients resolve issues that are causing distress. While fear and sadness are said to be naturally occurring human emotions that form part of life, society has be come aware of the negative side effects of stress, and clients are either encouraged or feel compelled to seek out help before their lives are completely consumed by these issues, which may then cause a severe decline in their mental health. We will write a custom essay sample on For this assignment I should l or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My study is based upon a gay, 28-year-old woman of mixed race, who suffers attacks of anxiety when in the company of men, the result of a domineering and intimidating father and verbal abuse from strangers, regarding her sexuality.Bethan is 28 years old, of mixed race from the south east of England, currently living in London, having moved 8 years earlier when she was offered a job with a well-known firm. She has referred herself for counselling in order to seek help with her anxiety issues.Bethan informed me that she is from a working class background but when she moved to London she started to live a very middle class lifestyle, something she felt very uncomfortable with, Bethan explained to me that after 5 years of living this way, she realised that she was gay, resulting in her no longer seeing a casual boyfriend and leaving her job so that she could start a new life within the gay community. Bethan tells me that her parents, Mother Jamaican, Father English, are supportive of he r decisions, neither Bethan nor her parents follow any religion.Bethans father is an intimidating, controlling and dominant man and she now suffers verbal and at times physical abuse from males, she feels this is because she is gay. Her father has always dominated the family, intimidating her mother most of all, because of her fathers treatment towards her mother Bethan became her mothers carer and protector, offering love, reassurance and emotional support through the difficult times, this support was never reciprocated and has left Bethan feeling vulnerable and frightened, She says that in general, her fear of males is vast and she believes the lifestyle that she is now living is causing the fear to be increased, because most of the abuse now suffered is from, males. Bethan also tells me that she also feels out of place within the gay community, due to her being of mixed race, growing up she was always rejected by black and white people because she didnt fit in completely, and now that she is a mixed race lesbian, she feels she is being rejected twice.In todays society we have hierarchical views regarding sexuality, gender status and class, Being normal consists of being heterosexual, white, able bodied etc We dont often see that aspect of our identity, but in other groups we may be all too aware of it ( Barker, M. 2010 pg.214)It has been argued by multicultural and LGBT affirmative therapists, these norms are present in mainstream psychotherapy, As we are aware, the majority of todays psychotherapy approaches have come from the western world and the minds of heterosexual men, Barker questions, Can counselling therapies and practices be usefully applied to people outside these groups without reinforcing the notion that that their members are le sser or problematic ? (Barker, M. 2010 pg. 215) In response, we could argue that the therapists and counsellors of today are just that, of today.However, Barker also states that, in todays society, the majority of counsellors are white, heterosexual women, as is the bulk of the clientele, With this in mind, how easy can it be for other people to access counselling ? or to even experience it without power differences between counsellor and client being exacerbated in ways that would be extremely unhelpful ?Ours is a modern world and we are fully aware of many of the sociocultural aspects which accompany it, we are all individuals, but when attempting to treat clients as nothing but, the experience of being an individual can become lost. Some more traditional approaches to therapy have been criticised by multicultural and LGBT affirmative therapists for their stances – It is said that they regularly fail to see how important culture, gender and sexuality are. (Barker, M. 2010 pg. 212)An industry, psychotherapy and counselling are evolving, moving with the times, keeping everything relevant for all clients, in order that therapists are not seen as useless However many available counsellors still subscribe to the original ideals, meaning that multicultural and LGBT style therapists are not so readily available and these clients feel a though their needs are not being met.This being illustrated when a lesbian is asked about her sexuality when a heterosexual woman wouldnt be, or when a white man looks at himself in a mirror, he doesnt see a white man, just a man. Whereas a black man will see black because he believes that this makes him different, we could argue that if he chooses to focus on the fact that he is black, then he is choosing to feel different, this leads us to think that if they focused elsewhere, then theyre skin colour would not be an issue.Unfortunately, Bethans skin colour was point of focus for her, being of mixed race she wasnt accepted by either ethnic group, making life lonely and scary for her. In Laudets (2005) study, Barker discovers many links between depression and people of mixed race – It was found that there was little support or guidance for them growing up, which left them feeling not good (Barker, M. 2010 pg.219)I feel it would be difficult for people of mixed race to open up to others about their problems, however loving and caring their parents might be, they couldnt fully understand, as they themselves might not be mixed race. As Barker indicates, it is vital that as counsellors we react upon assumptions and beliefs held about culture, race and class etc so that we may approach with an awareness of what we bring, personally, and how people of all cultures and identities should be treated – When a client is the minority within our society, it is imperative that we try to have an understanding of how this has an impact on them, as it would be related to their experience of fear and sadness (Barker, M. 2010 pg.212)If I were Bethans counsellor, I w ould do my very best to ensure that she felt as comfortable as possible inn the therapy room. I would, at first, attempt to build a rapport with Bethan, in the hopes that I would gain her trust. I would suggest two to three one to one therapy sessions with myself in order for me to understand clearly, the cause of her distress and then if she were willing, gradually introduce her to group sessions, starting with fellow females from minority groups and then, slowly introducing males to the group, all of whom would be of various cultures and identities each with issues of their own. I would suggest to Bethan that she spend eighteen months, dividing her time between the group therapy sessions and one to one progress meetings with myself.Bethan wanted to avoid traditional therapies, so, I felt she would benefit from a person-centred approach. The humanistic approaches to counselling draw upon the values and ideas of humanistic psychology also known as the third force in psychology because it emerged as a reaction against the mechanistic, reductionist and determinist theories of the two prevailing psychologies in the mid-twentieth century, behaviourism and psychoanalysis (Bark er, M. 2010 pg.103)While working with Bethan I would be thoughtful and kind, hoping she would see my willingness to grow and learn with her as well as to help relieve herself of her distress. As Bethan came to me with multiple issues, her father, being mixed race and now being gay, I would encourage her to start at the point she feels is the most significant to her. Bethan makes a point of telling me that she has always felt unaccepted because she is mixed race, Rogers argues that humans have a basic need for approval (Barker, M. 2010 pg.109) Bethan feels neglected and isolated because she was denied this need.Bethan is confused about her feelings and suffers from a very low self-esteem, she keeps her hair cut very short and wears trousers most of the time. Bethan tells me that she is often mistaken as a male, which she does not mind. She knows that she is female and does not want to change her gender, however, since joining the gay community she feels as though she is being forced to behave in a more masculine way. As Bethans counsellor I feel that having a masculine persona helps her to feel safer and more in control, I believe her early experiences with males, namely her father, has taught Bethan that in order to have control you need to be, or at least behave, male. This assignment consisted of a fictional case study, detailing how a gay 28 year old mixed race female has been affected by issues concerning her race, sexuality and gender, also the issues caused by her family and community. I chose a person-centred approach for Bethan because she has spent her life under one label or another and I felt that a person-centred approach would offer a refreshing and positive change for her, with its label free approach. For people in similar situations as Bethan, sociocultural issues often relate to personal issues and in this case study I have looked at how to maintain an awareness of the clients issues, as well as how the client is affected by these issues. I have shown how I, as Bethans counsellor would work through these issues with her and have explained why I think therapy, including group sessions would help her.The ability to be able to recognise diversity and to be sensitive to cultural differences is a very important tool for effective and meaningful counselling. The necessity of this becomes obvious when there are cultural differences between counsellor and client. As counsellors we should assess our own views of the world and our awareness of different cultures before trying to help others. We can not begin to help people like Bethan unless we first accept and understand our own cultural differences.

The Unsolved Case of the Zodiac Killer

The Unsolved Case of the Zodiac Killer The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who stalked parts of Northern California from December 1968 through October 1969. Through a series of cryptic letters he sent to the press and others, he disclosed his motivation for the killings, offered clues to future murder plots, and adopted the nickname Zodiac. He took responsibility for murdering as many as 37 people, but police investigators have only confirmed five deaths and seven total attacks.   December 20, 1968   Betty Lou Jensen, 16, and David Arthur Faraday, 17, were parked at a secluded spot located on Lake Herman Road on the eastern side Vallejo, California. Witnesses noticed the young couple huddled together in the front seat of Faradays Rambler station wagon between around 10:15 and 11:00 p.m. Nothing about the couple seemed unusual to bystanders. But by 11:15 the scene had taken a tragic turn. The couple was discovered lying on the ground outside their bullet-riddled car. Betty Lou was found several feet from the car, dead from five gunshot wounds in the back. David was found closeby. He had been shot at close range in the head  but was still breathing. He died  en route to the hospital. Clues Detectives had few clues, aside from the fact that there was an earlier confrontation in the same area. Bill Crow and his girlfriend were parked in the same place as Faraday and Jensen just 45 minutes earlier. Crow told police that someone driving a white Chevy drove past them, stopped, and backed up. For unknown reasons, Crow sped away in the opposite direction. The Chevy turned around and followed the couple, but was unable to keep up after Crow made a sharp right turn at an intersection. Two hunters also reported seeing a white Chevy parked at a gravel turn-around on Lake Herman Road. They approached the car but did not see the driver inside. July 4, 1969   Darlene Elizabeth Ferrin, 22, and Michael Renault Mageau, 19, were parked at the Blue Rock Springs Golf Course in Benicia around midnight. The golf course was four miles from where Jensen and Faraday were gunned down. A car pulled up behind the couples car, blocking them from driving away. A man, who Mageau believed was a police officer, got out of his car holding a bright flashlight that obscured his face. As the stranger approached the drivers side of the car he immediately began shooting at the couple, firing five nine-millimeter rounds into the car. Both Ferrin and Mageau were shot. The shooter turned to leave  but came back after hearing shouts coming from Michael. He fired four more times. One bullet hit Michael and two struck Darlene. The shooter then got into his car and drove away. Within minutes after the attack, three teens came across the couple and hurried to get help. When authorities arrived both Ferrin and Mageau were still alive, but Ferrin died before reaching the hospital. Clues Michael Mageau survived the attack and was able to give a description of the shooter to authorities. He described the attacker as a short, heavyset white man, about 5 8 and around 195 pounds. The Call At 12:40 a.m. an anonymous male caller contacted the Vallejo Police Department and reported the double murder. During the call, he also said he was responsible for the Jensen and Faraday murders. Police traced the call and found it was made from a phone booth located just blocks from the police department and less than a mile from Darlene Ferrins home. The caller told police: I wish to report a double murder. If you will go one mile east on Columbus Parkway to a public park, you will find the kids in a brown car. They have been shot by a nine-millimeter Luger. I also killed those kids last year. Good-bye The Zodiac Letters On Friday, August 1, 1969, the first known Zodiac letters were received by three newspapers. The San Francisco Examiner, San Francisco Chronicle,  and Vallejo Times-Herald each received an almost identical letter written by a person who took credit for the attacks on the four teens. He also gave details about the murders and included one-third of a mysterious cipher in each letter. The self-proclaimed killer demanded that the three letters be published on the front page of each newspaper by that Friday afternoon or he would go on a rampage and randomly kill a dozen people over the weekend. The letters were signed with a crossed-circle symbol. The letters were published and efforts to untangle the messages in the ciphers began by authorities and citizens. August 4, 1969 Police investigators stated publicly that they had doubts as to the authenticity of the letters in an attempt to get the killer to contact them again. The plan worked. On August 4th, another letter arrived at the San Francisco Examiner. The letter began with the words that have since haunted many involved in the case: Dear Editor This is the Zodiac speaking... It was the first time the killer used the name Zodiac. In the letter, the Zodiac included information which proved he was present during the murders and a message that his identity was hidden inside the ciphers. August 8, 1969 A high school teacher and his wife cracked the 408-symbol cipher. The last 18 letters could not be decoded. The message read: I LIKE KILLING PEOPLE BECAUSE IT IS SO MUCH FUN IT IS MORE FUN THAN KILLING WILD GAME IN THE FORREST BECAUSE MAN IS THE MOST DANGEROUE ANAMAL OF ALL TO KILL SOMETHING GIVES ME THE MOST THRILLING EXPERENCE IT IS EVEN BETTER THAN GETTING YOUR ROCKS OFF WITH A GIRL THE BEST PART OF IT IS THAE WHEN I DIE I WILL BE REBORN IN PARADICE AND THEI HAVE KILLED WILL BECOME MY SLAVES I WILL NOT GIVE YOU MY NAME BECAUSE YOU WILL TRY TO SLOI DOWN OR ATOP MY COLLECTIOG OF SLAVES FOR MY AFTERLIFE EBEORIETEMETHHPITI. The fact that the code did not contain the killers identity was a disappointment to the police, however, some believe the letters can be rearranged (and three more letters added) to spell Robert Emmet the Hippie. September 27, 1969   College students, Cecelia Ann Shepard, 22, and Bryan Calvin Hartnell, 20, were picnicking on a peninsula at Lake Berryessa near Napa, Ca. A man carrying a semi-automatic pistol and wearing a hooded costume approached the couple. He told them that he was an escaped convict from a Montana prison where he killed a guard and stole a car and that he wanted money and their car to drive to Mexico. The couple was cooperating fully with his demands, offering him money and the car keys and the three talked for  a while. He instructed Shepard to hog-tie Bartnell with precut pieces of a clothesline that he supplied. He then tied up Shepard and told the couple, Im going to have to stab you  people, and took out a long double-edged knife and stabbed Hartnell six times and Shepard ten times. He left the couple for dead and walked casually back to Hartnells car where he drew a crossed-circle symbol in black magic marker on the side of the car and the dates of the attacks in Vallejo. A  fisherman  discovered the couple and called the police. Both victims were still alive, but it took over an hour for medical help to arrive. Shepard died two days later after lapsing into a coma. Hartnell survived and gave police a detailed account of the events as well as a description of the attacker. The Call At 7:40 p.m. an anonymous caller contacted the Napa County Police Department. He spoke to officer David Slaight in what was described as a low, monotone voice. He told Slaight: I want to report a murder - no, a double murder. They are two miles north of park headquarters. They were in a white Volkswagen Karmann Ghia... and ended the call with, Im the one who did it. As in the Vallejo case, the call was traced to a phone booth just a few blocks from the police department. October 11, 1969   San Francisco cab driver Paul Stine, 29, picked up a passenger in Union Square and drove to the wealthy area of Cherry Street and Nob Hill. It was there that the passenger shot Stine in the temple, killing him, then removed his wallet, car keys and carefully tore off a large portion of his shirt. Three youngsters witnessed the event from a second-floor window across from the parked taxi. They contacted the police and described the  shooter  as a  white male, 25 to 30 years old, stocky build and a crew cut. An intensive manhunt was immediately launched, but somehow there was a mistake made as to the killers race and the police were searching for a black male. How this mistake was made was never reported and no one was ever apprehended for the  crime. It was later determined that police drove by a large white male fitting the original description just blocks from the shooting, but because of his  race, the police did not consider him a suspect. October 14, 1969 The Chronicle received another letter from the Zodiac. A piece of Stines  blood-soaked  shirt was enclosed and the author referred to the Stine murder, saying the police failed to catch him because they did not search the area properly. He then pointed to his next intended victims, school children. October 22, 1969 A caller identifying himself as the Zodiac contacted the Oakland Police Department and demanded on-air time on the Jim Dunbar television talk show with F. Lee Bailey or Melvin Belli, both famous defense lawyers. Belli appeared on the show and a call from someone saying they were the Zodiac came in while the show was being televised. He said his real name was Sam and asked that Belli meet him in Daly City. Belli agreed but the caller never showed. It was later determined that the call was a hoax and the imposter was a  mental patient  at the Napa State Hospital. November 1969 On November 8 and 9, the Chronicle received two Zodiac letters. The first one was a 340-character cipher. The second letter was seven pages long and included another piece of Stines shirt. In the letter, he claimed the police had stopped and talked with him three minutes after he shot Stine. He also drew a schematic of what he referred to as his death machine which was made to blow up large objects such as buses. December 20, 1969 Melvin Belli received a Christmas card at his home which included another piece of Stines shirt. In the card the Zodiac claimed he wanted help from Belli, ending with: Please help me I can not remain in control for much longer. Attempts from Belli to get the Zodiac to contact him again were made, but nothing ever happened. Some speculate that the card was written during a moment of clarity, while others believe it was another attention-getting hoax on the part of the Zodiac. March 22, 1970 On the evening of March 22, 1970, Kathleen Johns, who was eight-months pregnant, was on her way to meet her mother. She had her ten-month-old daughter in the back seat of the car. While on Highway 132 in San Joaquin County, west of Modesto, Johns pulled over after a driver pulled up alongside her and indicated that something was wrong with her car. The driver pulled over and told Johns that her wheel was wobbling. He said he would tighten the wheel bolts, but instead loosened them, then returned to his car and drove off. When Johns pulled away her tire fell off. The man in the car was not far ahead and backed up and offered Johns a ride to a gas station. She agreed  but became frightened when he failed to stop  at several  gas stations. The ride took over three hours of what Johns described as, silent aimless driving around. She was able to escape with her child when the driver stopped at an intersection. Johns fled across a field and hid until she saw the man drive away. She received help from a passerby and was taken to the local police department in Paterson. While at the station she saw a  wanted poster  with a composite sketch of the Zodiac and identified the person as the man who kidnapped her. Her car was later found gutted and burned. Throughout the years, Johns account of the nights events has changed from her original statement, leading some to question her story.   This was the last time anyone ever reported seeing the Zodiac. April 20, 1970 The Zodiac sent a letter to the Chronicle which included a 13-character cipher, a diagram of a bomb he planned to use to blow up a school bus, and a statement that he was not responsible for the February 18, 1970, bombing of a police station in San Francisco. He ended the letter with a score  [Zodiac Symbol]10, SFPD0. Authorities interpreted the number ten as a body count.   April 28, 1970 A card was sent to the Chronicle with the words,  I hope you enjoy yourselves when I have my BLAST  along with the cross-circle symbol. On the back of the card, the writer threatened to use his bus bomb if the Chronicle failed to publish the April 20 letter he sent detailing his plans to blow up a school bus. He also requested that people begin wearing Zodiac buttons. June 26, 1970 A letter received  at  the Chronicle contained another 32-letter cipher. The author said he was upset that he had not seen people wearing Zodiac buttons. He took credit for another shooting  but gave no specifics. Investigators suspected it was the shooting death of Sgt. Richard Radetich a week earlier. Also included was a Phillips 66 map of the Bay area. A clock-like face was drawn around Mount Diablo with a zero at the top, the number three on the right side, six on the bottom and a nine of the left side.  Next  to the zero, he wrote,  is to be set to Mag.N. The map and the cipher were supposed to give the location of a bomb he buried that was set to go off the following fall. This letter was signed  [Zodiac Symbol]12. SFPD0. July 24, 1970 In this letter, also sent to the Chronicle, the Zodiac took credit for abducting Kathleen Jones four months earlier and described burning the car, a fact that only one local paper, the Modesto Bee, had printed. July 26, 1970 In this next letter, the Zodiac included his own twisted version of the song  Ive Got a Little List  from Gilbert Sullivans musical, The Mikado. In it, he described how he planned to collect and torture his slaves. Also drawn on the letter was a giant crossed-circle, a score notation of  13, SFPD  and the words, PS. The Mount Diablo Code concerns Radians # inches along the radians. In 1981, Zodiac researcher Gareth Penn figured out that when placing a radian angle over the map, it pointed to two locations where Zodiac attacks took place. October 5, 1970 Three months had passed without any further communication from the Zodiac. Then, a card written with cut-out letters from magazines and newspapers was sent to the Chronicle. The card bore 13 holes and indicated that there had been another Zodiac victim and that he considered himself crackproof. Originally considered as a hoax, certain letter configurations and the phrase crackproof later reappeared in confirmed Zodiac letters, adding new authenticity to this one. October 27, 1970 Paul Avery, the key reporter in the Zodiac case for the Chronicle, received a Halloween card which included a threat on Averys life. The letter was posted in its entirety on the front page of the Chronicle and days later Avery received another letter urging him to investigate the similarities between the known Zodiac murders and the murder of college student Cheri Jo Bates years earlier. A Step Back In Time - October 30, 1966   On October 30, 1966, Cheri Jo Bates, 18, was studying at the Riverside City College library annex until the library closed at 9 p.m. Investigators suspect that her Volkswagen parked outside the library was tampered with prior to her leaving the library. The distributor coil and the condenser had been pulled out and the middle wire of the distributor was disconnected. Police believe that when she tried to start the car the person who disabled it approached her and offered his help. Somehow he lured her into a secluded dark driveway which sat between two empty houses, where police believe the two sat for about an hour and a half. The man later attacked Bates, beating her, slashing at her face and cutting her a total of 11 times, seven of which nearly decapitated her. Clues found at the scene included a size 10 heel-print, a Timex watch with a torn seven-inch wristband displaying the time 12:23, fingerprints and a palm print, skin tissue underneath the victims fingernails and hair and blood in her hands. On November 29, 1966, two identical letters were sent to the Riverside Police and the Riverside Press-Enterprise by someone claiming to be responsible for killing Bates. The letters included a poem titled  The  Cofession[sic] which offered details of the murder that only the police and the killer knew about. The letters also included a warning that she was not the first or the last of his victims. Many interpreted the tone of the letter as very similar to that of the Zodiac letters mailed after the Vallejo murders. In December 1966 a custodian at the Riverside City College discovered a poem carved into the underside of a folding desk. The poem, titled  Sick of living/unwilling to die  had a tone similar to that of the Zodiac as well as handwriting which looked like some found in the Zodiacs letters. Some believe the author, who signed the poem with the initials rh was describing the murder of Bates. Other theorize that the letter was written by a student who had unsuccessfully tried to kill themselves. However, Sherwood Morrill, one of Californias top Questioned Documents examiners, was of the opinion that the true author of the poem was the Zodiac. Six months after the murder of Bates three nearly identical letters were received by the Riverside Press, the Riverside police  and  Cheri Jo Bates father. The letters all contained more postage than was necessary and two of the letters were signed with a symbol which looked like the letter Z next to the number three. The Zodiac letters sent in the 1970s all contained excessive postage, symbol-type signatures and the threat that more murders would follow. The two letters received by the newspaper and the police read: BATES HADTO DIETHERE WILLBE MORE Bates murder was never solved. The Riverside Police Department maintains that a local man was the key suspect, not the Zodiac, although the letters sent may have been written by him. March 17, 1971 A letter was sent to the Los Angeles Times because, as the writer put it,  they dont bury me on the back pages. In the letter, the Zodiac gave the police credit for making the Bates connection, but added that the police were still only finding the  easy ones  and that there were plenty more  out there.  The letter included the score,  SFPD-0 [Zodiac Symbol]-17. This was the only letter ever sent to the Los Angeles Times and the only one postmarked outside of San Francisco. March 22, 1971 Chronicle reporter Paul Avery received a postcard thought to be from the Zodiac in which he took credit for the case of a missing nurse, Donna Lass, from the Sahara Hotel and Casino. Lass was never seen again after treating her last patient at 1:40 a.m. on September 6, 1970. The following day her uniform and shoes, marked with dirt, were discovered in a paper bag in her office. Two calls were made, one to her employer and one to her landlord, by an unidentified caller who said Lass had a family emergency and had left town. The postcard that Avery received included a collage made up of lettering cut from newspapers and magazines and contained a picture of an ad of the condominium complex known as Forest Pines. The words,  Sierra Club, Sought Victim 12, peek through the pines, pass Lake Tahoe areas, round in the snow,  hinted at the location of where Lass body could be found. A search in the area turned up only a pair of sunglasses. Some believe the postcard was a forgery, perhaps the attempt of the real killer to make the authorities believe Lass was a Zodiac victim. However certain similarities such as the misspelling of Paul Averys name (Averly) and the use of a hole-punch had both become traits found in letters known to be from the Zodiac. Although it did not appear that  kidnapping  was a pattern of the Zodiac, but rather spontaneous random murders, if in fact, he was responsible for Johns abduction then possibly Donna Lass could also be a victim of the Zodiac. The  mystery  surrounding the case of Donna Lass was never solved, nor was her body ever located. The Pines postcard was the last communication received from the Zodiac for three years. In 1974 he resurfaced although this time he dropped his opening line,  This is the Zodiac speaking  and the cross-circle symbol signature from the letters. January 29, 1974 The Zodiac sent the Chronicle a letter describing the movie  The Exorcist  as  the best saterical comidy that I have ever seen.  It also included a part of a verse from The Mikado, a hieroglyph-type drawing and a threat that the letter had to be published or he would  do something nasty.  His signature score changed to read  Me-37 SFPD-0. May 8, 1974 The Chronicle received a letter from a concerned citizen complaining about the movie  Badlands  and asking the paper to stop advertising it. Although the Zodiac did not identify himself as the author of the letter, some felt the similarities of the tone and handwriting was unmistakably that of the Zodiac. July 8, 1974 A complaint letter regarding the conservative Chronicle columnist, Marco Spinelli who used the pen name, Count Marco was received at the newspaper and ended the letter with: Since the Count can write anonymously, so can I signed the Red Phantom (red with rage). Some believe the Zodiac sent the letter, others do not. Doubting that the letters were really authored by the Zodiac, police detective David Toschi sent them to the FBI Laboratory who responded that the letters were probably prepared by the writer of the Zodiac letters. No other communication was received from the Zodiac for another four years. April 24, 1978 A letter was sent to the Chronicle and given to reporter Duffy Jennings, Paul Averys replacement after he went to work at the San Francisco Examiner. Duffy contacted Detective David Toschi, who had worked on the Zodiac case since the Stine murder and was the only remaining San Francisco Police Department (SFDP) investigator working the case. Toschi turned the letters over to John Shimoda of the U.S. Postal Service crime laboratory to verify if the letters were authored by the Zodiac instead of giving them to the chief examiner for the Questioned Documents Division of the SFPD. Why he made that decision is unknown, however, Shimoda did verify that the letter was authored by the Zodiac. Four experts three months later declared the letter a hoax. At that time Toschi was in the middle of a political battle and looking at possibly replacing the current chief of police. For all of those who adored Toschi, many just wanted him to go away. When it became known that the letters were a hoax, many pointed the finger at Toschi, believing he had forged the letter. The suspicions about Toschi  forging  the Zodiac letter was based on an earlier incident involving columnist Armistead Maupin, who was writing a series for the Chronicle called,  Tales of the City.  He received a lot of fan mail for the series and in an effort to verify that the letters were legitimate he became suspicious that Toschi had written some of them under fake names. Maupin made the decision to do nothing about it at the time, but when the forged Zodiac letter surfaced, Maupin thought it was possible Toschi was responsible and reported the fake fan letters and his suspicions to Toschis superiors. Toschi eventually admitted to writing the fan letters, but always denied the implications that he forged the Zodiac letter and insisted the rumors were politically motivated. The Toschi incident is just one example of the many bizarre twists the Zodiac investigation has taken over the years. More than 2,500 suspects have been investigated without anyone ever being charged. Detectives continue to receive telephone calls weekly with tips, theories​,  and speculation. The  case  remains open in some jurisdictions, but the San Francisco Police Department has designated it  unsolved  and inactive.

Amnesty International Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amnesty International Australia - Essay Example Despite all efforts from the Dalai Lama, the Olympics 2008 in Being are the event that draws finally the attention to the problems of the occupation. The whole world is protesting right right now. And what Amnesty shows us explains why. Amnesty (2008): "According to information published by the Tibetan Center on Human Rights and Democracy, 15 Tibetan monks were detained on 10 March for staging a peaceful demonstration in Barkhor, Lhasa, the capital of Tibetan Autonomous Region in China. There is no information of their current whereabouts or of any charges brought against them. They are at high risk of torture and other ill- treatment." Besides this significant and important action there is also the important issue on the Human Rights situation in China. Amnesty (2008): " Expressing an opinion online in China can result in jail, torture and death. People are silenced and what happens in China is often clouded in secrecy. Sign up to take the pledge to stop the Chinese Government and l arge internet companies restricting freedom of expression on the Internet, and we'll keep you up-to-date with ways you can help create a more transparent society in China." You can directly participate in signing the form online.... and to express their peaceful beliefs online without fear or interference. I call on the Chinese Government and large internet companies to stop the unwarranted restriction of freedom of expression on the Internet." The pledge is typical, any person can participate in the actions of Amnesty. China is a powerful country in the World, the economic position has grown immense over the last years. Cheap labour, hardly any costs drives many companies to China to build factory's. China is important, it is number 4 of the list in fast growing Economics, important trading partner for many countries in the world including Australia. However in the part of human rights nothing changed at all. Till this very moment people still die or are prisonised. 10489 3 Shocking to read is this part Amnesty (2008) "By allowing Beijing to host the Games you will help in the development of human rights" Liu Jingmin, Vice- President of Beijing Olympic Bid Committee, April 2001 . What can be said after reading this Dit we miss something in the last couple of years or is China changing here and there Many questions we may ask ourselves. Amnesty remains however optimistic as we can read. Amnesty (2008) "The 2008 Beijing Olympics provides us with an unprecedented opportunity to help create a more transparent society in China. Freedom of expression is a universal human right, and Amnesty International believes the Games can be used as a positive step towards creating a society in China that upholds basic human rights. In Australia, our campaign will challenge the Chinese system of internet repression. We want to see freedom of expression in China. We would like citizens everywhere to have the same access to the